Geneva, Switzerland – A newly released United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) report has raised serious concerns about India's alleged transnational repression of Sikh activists abroad. The report, published in January 2025, follows growing international scrutiny over India's role in targeting Sikh separatist voices, particularly in countries like Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom.

Key Findings of the UN Report

According to the report, Sikh activists and leaders advocating for the Khalistan movement have faced intimidation, threats, surveillance, and, in some cases, assassination attempts. The UNHRC’s Special Rapporteurs highlighted specific cases where individuals were allegedly harassed by Indian authorities or their proxies, citing concerns over human rights violations.

The report was prompted by a formal complaint from the family of Hardeep Singh Nijjar, a Canadian Sikh leader who was assassinated outside a gurdwara in Surrey, British Columbia, in 2023. His killing led to diplomatic tensions between Canada and India, with Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau accusing Indian agencies of involvement—a claim India has strongly denied.

Canada, UK, and US Express Concern

Following the UN report, Canada’s Foreign Interference Commissioner released its own findings, warning about India's attempts to suppress Sikh activism through online disinformation campaigns, diplomatic pressure, and direct threats. Canadian authorities also acknowledged investigations into cases of alleged Indian-backed criminal activities, including extortion and targeted violence.

Similarly, US and UK intelligence agencies have expressed concerns over foreign interference targeting Sikh communities. Reports indicate that individuals associated with Sikh advocacy groups in these countries have faced visa denials, travel restrictions, and online harassment allegedly linked to Indian state actors.

India’s Response

The Indian government has rejected the allegations, calling them “unfounded and politically motivated.” 

International Reactions and Next Steps

The UNHRC’s report has sparked calls for further investigations into India’s role in monitoring and targeting Sikh activists. Human rights organizations have urged governments to increase protections for Sikh communities and activists who may be at risk.

As diplomatic tensions rise, experts predict heightened scrutiny on India's global intelligence operations. Governments worldwide may now face growing pressure to reassess their relationships with India on human rights grounds, while also balancing geopolitical ties with the South Asian nation.

The UNHRC is expected to hold discussions on the findings in its next session, and it remains to be seen whether sanctions or formal resolutions will be introduced against india.